A Pada Index and Reverse Pada Index to Early Jain Canons (Edition 1995)

The Pada Index and the Reverse Pada Index are specific techniques used in the context of Jain canonical texts, particularly in the study and preservation of the early Jain canons. Let’s explore what they refer to in relation to these texts:

1. Pada Index (or Pada-Malika)

• Pada refers to a word or phrase in Sanskrit or Prakrit (the language of many Jain scriptures).

• The Pada Index is a kind of lexical index that organizes the key words (padas) used in the Jain canonical texts.

• This index is crucial for understanding the structure, themes, and specific doctrinal references in Jain scriptures, especially in texts such as the Agamas (the early Jain scriptures) and the Sutras.

  In early Jain canons, such as the Tattvartha Sutra, Sutrakritanga, or Bhadrabahu's texts, a pada index helps scholars locate specific doctrinal discussions or textual references.

  The Pada Index typically lists words or phrases alphabetically, often providing references to the locations where the words appear in various sections of the texts.

  In essence, it is a lexicographical tool to facilitate the study and reference of Jain religious literature.

2. Reverse Pada Index (or Apana Pada Index)

• The Reverse Pada Index is a variation of the Pada Index that organizes the entries in the reverse order. It often lists the references from the end to the beginning, or from another perspective, possibly to highlight different contexts or meanings of words.
• The Reverse Pada Index can help scholars compare how words or concepts are used in the canonical texts and potentially highlight contrasting or divergent interpretations across different sections or texts.

Purpose and Relevance to Early Jain Canons

• The early Jain canons, including both Agama texts and later commentaries, are rich in doctrinal content, and precise references to terms are essential for in-depth study and analysis.

• Early Jain scriptures were initially passed down orally and were later codified, often with complex and intricate language. The use of indexes (both pada and reverse pada) makes these texts more accessible and easier to study, especially given the varied traditions and interpretations within Jainism.

  These indexes not only serve as a concordance but also enable scholars and practitioners to trace the development of Jain philosophy, rituals, and theological discussions across different periods.

Examples in the Context of Jain Texts

• Tattvartha Sutra (or Tattvārthādhigama Sutra): This is one of the most authoritative texts in Jain philosophy. A pada index of the Tattvartha Sutra might help locate key terms like Jiva (soul), Ajiva (non-soul), Karma, and Moksha (liberation), along with their occurrences and interpretations.

• Agamas: These texts are the foundational scriptures of Jainism, containing the teachings of Lord Mahavira. In this context, a pada index would facilitate the search for key doctrinal terms and their various usages across the Agamic texts.