Ramacaritamanasa in South Africa by Usha Devi Shukla

Ramacaritamanasa in South Africa

Rs. 500.00

Book Name Ramacaritamanasa in South Africa
Author Usha Devi Shukla
Language, Pages English, 247 Pgs. (HB)
Last Updated 2022 / 07 / 26
ISBN 9788120818934, 8120818938

Subject(s):

Hinduism and its Sources

Publisher:

Motilal Banarsidass

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Description Shipping Policy

The book contains the role of the Ramacaritamanasa in the lives of Hindi-speaking indentured labourers and their progeny in South Africa; and their perceptions of Sri Rama and the Ramacaritamanasa. The South African Hindus of Hindi-speaking origin cherish the Ramacaritamanasa as scripture and delve deep into the lake of Sri Rama's Acts to gain solace and guidance. Its role as an agent of religio-cultural continuity among Hindi-speaking Hindus clearly indicates its importance in the years to come.

About The Author

USHA DEVI SHUKLA was born and educated in Natal, South Africa. Her nurture in a culturally conscious family and environment led her to study Hindi as one of her major subjects at the University of Durban Westville, South Africa. Shukla's research into the Ramacaritamanasa in South Africa and the Hindi Diaspora opened many vistas of research and contact with Indians of indentured origin.

Her nurture in a cultural family and environment led her to study Hindi as one of her major subjects at the University of Durban Westville, South Africa. She soon joined the former Department of Indian Languages as Lecturer in Hindi and obtained the M.A. and D. Lit. degrees in Hindi Literature.

Shukla's research into the Ramacaritamanasa in South Africa and the Hindi Diaspora opened many vistas of research and contact with Indians of indentured origin. This created greater enthusiasm for the propagation of Hindi; and in her academic and community-based work in this field, she has been hailed as one of the most successful teachers of Hindi in South Africa.

Her inspiring lectures and public addresses have done much to create new interest in the cultural sphere amongst Hindus in South Africa. She continues in her research and teaching programmes as a Senior Lecturer in the School of Languages and Literature at the University of Durban Westville.

CONTENTS

Preface	VII
Acknowledgements	XIII
List of Tables	XXI
Scheme for Romanization of Words in Nagari	XXIII
Chapter One: Introduction	1
1.1 Subject of Study: Perceptions of the Ramacaritamanasa of Gosvami Tulsidasa amongst Hindi-Speaking South Africans	1
1.2 Scope	2
1.3 Aims	3
1.4 Methodology	3
1.5 Some Problems	4
Chapter Two: The Evolution of the Rama Story and the Bhakti Movement	7
2.1 The Origin of the Rama Story	7
2.2.1 Valmiki	10
2.2.2 The Ramayana	10
2.3.1 Bhakti and its Origin	15
2.3.2 The Bhakti Movement	17
2.3.3 The Reformer Saints of The Bhakti Movements	19
2.4.1 Ramanujacarya	20
2.4.2 Ramananda	22
2.4.3 Kabirdasa	24
Chapter Three: Gosvami Tulsidasa and the Ramacaritamanasa	27
3.1 Childhood and Education	27
3.1.1 Marriage	29
3.1.2 Tulsidasa and the Ramacaritamanasa	32
3.2 The Ramacaritamanasa	35
3.3 The Religious Influence of Ramacaritamanasa	37
3.3.1 Avatara	41
3.2.2 Religious Harmony in the Ramacaritamanasa	43
3.3.3 Conciliatory Attitude of Tulsidasa	45
3.3.3.1 Vaisnavas and Saivites	45
3.3.3.2 Questions Regarding the Divinity of Sri Rama	46
3.3.3.3 Nirguna and Saguna Isvara	48
3.3.3.4 Vrdanta: Jivatma - Paramatatma, Maya	50
3.3.3.5 Karma	51
3.3.3.6 Gunas	52
3.3.3.7 Bhakti	54
3.3.4 Impact of the Ramacaritamanasa 56
3.3.5 Present-Day Influence of the Ramacaritamanasa	57
3.3.5.1 Worship	57
3.3.5.2 Akhanda Kirtan at Janmasthana in Ayodhya	61
3.3.5.3 "Ramayana" Video Series	64
3.3.5.4 Festivals Connected with Sri Rama and His Life	65
3.4 Social and Political Influence of the Ramacaritamanasa	66
3.4.1 Caste System	70
3.4.2 The World	72
3.4.3 Equality	73
3.4.4 Status of Women	74
3.4.5 Family Life	76
3.4.6 The Asramas	76
3.4.7 Characters	78
3.4.7.1 Laksmana	78
3.4.7.2 Bharata	78
3.4.7.3 Hanuman	79
3.4.8 Ramarajya - Perfect Rule of Sri Rama	81
3.4.9 Social and Political Influence Today	83
3.4.9.1 The "Ramayan" of Ramanand Sagar	83
3.4.9.2 "Do or Die" Campaign	84
3.5 Literary Influence of the Ramacaritamanasa	86
3.5.1 The Epic - Mahakavya	89
3.5.2 Dharma Grantha (Scripture)	90
3.5.3 Form, Style, and Literary Motifs of the Ramacaritamanasa	90
3.5.4 Decorum (Maryada)	92
3.5.5 The Impact of the Ramacaritamanasa on Literature	94
3.5.5.1 Hindi Version of the Ramayana	95
3.5.6 The Ramacaritamanasa Today	99
Chapter Four: The Ramacaritamanasa and The Early Settlers in South Africa	103
4.1 Earl Period of the Indians in South Africa	104
4.1.1 The Hindi-Speaking Immigrants - Religious	106
4.1.2 The Hindi-Speaking Immigrants and the Ramacaritamanasa	112
4.1.3 Literacy amongst the Hindi Speakers	117
4.2 Perceptions of the Ramacaritamanasa amongst the Early Hindi Settlers	120
4.3 The Establishment of Ramayana Sabhas	124
4.3.1 The Shree Ramayan Sabha (SRS) of Overport	128
4.3.2 Sri Luxmi Narayan Temple Ramayan Sabha	129
4.3.3 Ramayana Sabhas in the Springfield Area	130
4.3.4 Ramayana Sabhas in the Verulam Area	131
4.3.5 Ramayana Sabhas in the Stanger Area	131
4.3.6 Ramayana Sabhas in the cato Manor	133
4.4 Development in Perceptions of the Ramacaritamanasa	135
4.5 Dislocation and Decline of Ramayana Sabhas	138
4.5.1 Natural Causes	138
4.5.2 Group Areas Act	139
4.6 The Institutionalization of the Ramacaritamanasa	141
4.7 The Ramayana in the 1980s	143
4.7.1 The Ramayana Sabha	143
4.7.2 Akhanda Ramayana	145
4.8 Festivals in Honour of Rama	146
4.8.1 Ramanavami	146
4.8.2 Dipavali	148
4.8.3 Hanuman Jayanti	148
4.9 General Observations	148
Chapter Five: Present Day Present Day Perceptions of The Ramacaritamanasa	151
5.1 General Information	152
5.1.1 Hindi Education	154
5.2 Religious Affiliation	156
5.3 Satsang	156
5.3.1 General Satsang	156
5.3.2 Ramayana Satsang	158
5.4 Ramayana and Personal Life	162
5.5 Ramayana and Family Life and Social Life	170
5.5.1 Family Life	170
5.5.2 Social Life	172
5.6 Knowledge of the Ramayana: Its Characters and Concepts	173
5.6.1 Attitude to Sri Rama	175
5.6.2 Attitude to Sita and Women in General	176
5.6.3 Attitude to Sri Rama's Actions	177
5.6.4 Attitude to Caste in the Ramayana	179
5.6.5 Ramarajya - Ideal Government	179
5.6.6 Likes and Dislikes of the Ramayana	181
5.6.7 Ramayana as Religious and Moral Guide	185
5.6.8 Feelings Stirred through the Rama Story	187
5.7.1 Worship	188
5.7.2 Forms of Prayer	190
5.7.3 Hanuman Worship	192
5.7.4 Nirguna Rama and Saguna Rama	193
5.7.5 Influence of Ramayana in Daily Life	194
5.7.6 Adherence to Doctrines of Hinduism	195
5.7.7 Summary of Findings	196
Chapter Six: Conclusion	199
Appendices	203
I. Hanuman Arati by Swami Ramananda	205
II. Invocation to Tulasidasa by Nandadasa	207
III. Eulogy of Tulsidasa and his Ramacaritamanasa by Suradasa	209
IV. Eulogy of Tulsidasa and his Ramacaritamanasa by Rasakhan	211
V. Sri Rama Bhajan by Pandit Ramnath Shukla	213
VI. Sri Ramayanaji Ki Arati by Gosvami Tulsidasa	215
Bibliography	217
Index	223

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